最近美國總統(tǒng)特朗普打高爾夫求的一則新聞備受輿論關(guān)注，當(dāng)然不僅僅因為他是總統(tǒng),，而是因為他在大選時曾經(jīng)諷刺奧巴馬打高爾夫“不務(wù)正業(yè)”,，還信誓旦旦地說自己如果當(dāng)了總統(tǒng)，不會像奧巴馬一樣把很多時間花在高爾夫上,。其實,，上臺后的特朗普打高爾夫球已經(jīng)不下16次了。這可是一個“天大的”政治諷刺,，特朗普的虛偽暴露無遺,。

在議論文寫作中，諷刺（irony）這一寫作手法也會經(jīng)常被用來批評,、攻擊,、揭露和反駁對方的觀點(diǎn)。那么諷刺在議論文中具體是如何發(fā)揮它的說服作用的,，我們今天就一起來看看吧~

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什么是諷刺（irony）

expression of one ‘s meaning by saying the direct opposite of one’s thoughts in order to be emphatic, amusing, sarcastic, etc.

簡單地說,，諷刺就是正話反說，以達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào),，娛樂和挖苦的目的,。比如說，英國湖畔派詩人柯勒律治的 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子詠》中有這樣一句詩：
“Water, water, everywhere,
And all the boards did shrink;
Water, water, everywhere,
Nor any drop to drink.”
上面的詩句中,，通過諷刺形象地說明了擱淺小舟的尷尬情形，即雖然到處都是水,，但是沒有一滴可以飲用的水,。

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諷刺常見的修辭效果是什么？

1）增強(qiáng)感染力
…make a more powerful impression on the reader…

2）增強(qiáng)閱讀興趣
…to develop readers’ interest

3）增強(qiáng)個人聯(lián)結(jié)
…bring the topic closer to the life.

4）反駁對手觀點(diǎn)
…to rebut…

常用句型如下：
What the author does?
With a sharp sarcasm when mentioning …
The author casts an irony, because he/she mocks…and inferred that …
Through this humorous satire/irony …

Why he or she does it?
…attempts to add power to his/her argument…
…to try to show the audience that …
…to support his argument that…

What effect this is likely to have on readers?
…striking an emotional chord with his/her audience…
…reminds his/her reader of the …
…piques the audience …

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如何用3W原則對irony展開深度分析,？

如何使用3W原則來分析一篇議論文中的irony呢,，我們一起看個例子吧~
Notwithstanding the aforementioned reasons why plastic bags are not, in fact, evil incarnate, environmentalists have every right to try to convince people to adopt certain beliefs or lifestyles, but they do not have the right to use government force to compel people to live the way they think best. In a free society, we are able to live our lives as we please, so long as we do no infringe upon the rights of others. That includes the right to make such fundamental decisions as “Paper or plastic?” （ 原文選自：Bag Ban Bad for Freedom and Environment.)

分析

He reminds his readers that they are members of a free society, which of course includes the right to choose “Paper or plastic?” The author’s use of sarcasm enables him to take strategic jabs at his opponents while winning the audience over to his side with humor.

原文如何體現(xiàn)3W原則

首先范文引用了原文的細(xì)節(jié)（He reminds his readers that they are members of…），即在一個自由的社會里面,，如果連在選擇紙袋和塑料袋上都沒有權(quán)利的話,，真是一個可笑的諷刺。
緊接著,，范文直接說明原文作者在此處使用了諷刺的手法,，并分析了這一手法的修辭目的（…enables him to take strategic jabs at…） 即這一諷刺手法有力地抨擊了反方觀點(diǎn),，同時又能以一種幽默的方式贏得了觀眾的支持。

本文由沈陽SAT培訓(xùn)通途國際英語的Lorraine老師為小伙伴們總結(jié)的,，希望對SAT備考的小伙伴有所幫助,，更多精彩內(nèi)容請訪問通途國際英語SAT頻道。

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