托福聽力高頻詞匯之動物話題

發(fā)布時間：2018-01-16 11:59:18 關(guān)注量：6229次

animal rights （復(fù)）動物權(quán)利，動物權(quán)益
animal rights groups 動物權(quán)益組織
animal rights laws 動物權(quán)利法
However, many animal rights activists are not happy with animals being forced to live in unnatural conditions.
然而 ,，很多動物權(quán)利保護(hù)者對動物被迫生活在非自然的環(huán)境中表示不滿,。

animal welfare 動物福利
Although some regulations and principles have been welcomed as a step forwards by some animal welfare groups, they have also been criticised as both outdated by current research, and of little practical effect in improving animal welfare.

盡管有些法規(guī)受到動物福利組織的歡迎，認(rèn)為在保護(hù)動物方面向前邁進(jìn)了一步 ,，但仍然遭到質(zhì)疑 ,，因為當(dāng)前的一些動物試驗已經(jīng)過時，對于提高動物福利也沒有什么實質(zhì)意義,。

animal abuse 虐待動物
abuse of animals 虐待動物
Animal rights advocates in other countries believe strict regulations are required to reduce animal abuse.
國外提倡動物權(quán)利者認(rèn)為應(yīng)制定一套嚴(yán)格的規(guī)范 ,，以減少虐待動物的行為。

animal experimentation 動物試驗
animal testing 動物試驗
They believe that if animal experimentation is stopped, then it will be at the expense of life and the human health .
他們認(rèn)為如果禁止進(jìn)行動物試驗,，那么將付出的代價是人類的健康和生命,。

humane a. 仁慈的，人道的 ,，高尚的
inhumane a. 不人道的
It is believed that these regulations will ensure that animal research is carried out in as humane and as ethical manner as possible. However, these regulations are also under a lot of argumentation.
人們認(rèn)為一些法規(guī)應(yīng)該確保動物試驗盡可能是人道的并符合道德規(guī)范 ,，然而這些規(guī)定確實存在很大的爭議。

test on 在......做試驗
experiment or 對......進(jìn)行試驗試用
test on the animals 對動物做試驗
Across the world, new products ranging from cancer drugs to soaps and shampoos are tested on the animals.
世界上的新產(chǎn)品 ,，從抗癌藥品到肥皂及洗發(fā)水 ,，都是先在動物身上做試驗。

ethical a. 倫理的 ,，道德的
in ethical manner 以道德的方式

There are also objections on an ethical basis, contending that the benefits to humans do not justify the harm to animals.

也有從倫理道德角度上持反對意見的 ,，他們認(rèn) 為對人類的益處不能合理解釋對動物進(jìn)行的傷害。

on moral grounds 基于道義,，從道德上說
Some animal rights activists argue that we should ban animal experiments completely because subjecting animals to experimentation is unjustifiable on moral grounds.
一些動物權(quán)利保護(hù)者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該全面禁止動物試驗，因為對動物進(jìn)行試驗從道義上說是不合理的 ,。

ecological equilibrium 生態(tài)平衡
ecological balance 生態(tài)平衡
natural balance 自然平衡
equilibrium of ecosystem 生態(tài)平衡
We should treat animals with a humane attitude because they are important in preserving nature’s ecological equilibrium.
我們應(yīng)該從人道的角度來對待動物 ,，因為動物在維持自然平衡上起著重要的作用。

alternative method 替代的方法
Computer simulation may be the alternative method of the animal testing. 電腦模擬可能會成為動物試驗的替代方法,。

barbaric a. 野蠻的
barbarian a 野蠻的 ,，未開化的
It is unethical and barbaric to abuse animals.
虐待動物是不道德的和野蠻的行為。

outlaw vt. 禁止,，取締,；使不合法

People who feel a connection with animals are more likely to support programmes to protect natural habitats and outlaw hunting.

人們?nèi)绻蛣游镉懈星?，就更可能會支持那些保護(hù)天然棲息地和禁獵的計劃。

Brainwash vt.對人洗腦 ,，以宣傳說服; n.洗腦
brainwash into 把思想強(qiáng)行灌輸給,，強(qiáng)迫......相信
The general belief in the goodness of animal testing is basically the result of brainwashing that the general public has been subjected to for a long time.

認(rèn)為動物試驗?zāi)軒硪嫣幍南敕ㄊ谴蟊婇L期被洗腦的結(jié)果。

captivity n. 囚禁,，關(guān)押 ,，監(jiān)禁
capture vt. 俘獲，奪得
in captivity 圈養(yǎng) ,，關(guān)閉

The different reasons behind keeping animals in captivity may be education,research, recreation and conservation.

將動物關(guān)起來的考慮可能是出于教育 ,、研究、娛樂以及對其進(jìn)行保護(hù),。

poach vt.＆vi. 偷獵,，侵犯
poacher n. 偷獵者 poaching n. 非法獰獵
poach for 偷獵
With an increase in poaching of wild species for skins, ivory and supposed medicinal purposes , zoos seem to be a safe haven for them.
為了獲取野生物種的毛皮、象牙及藥用目的,，非法打獵日益增多,，動物園就好像是他們的安全港灣。

breach n. 違背 ,，違反 ,；vt.違反
breach a contract 違約

Animals have natural rights and capturing them for any reason whatsoever is the breach of the same.

動物有自然（生存）的權(quán)利，無論以任何原因獵捕動物都是對其權(quán)利的侵犯,。

endangered α. 有生命危險的,，瀕臨滅絕的
endanger vt. 危及，使遭到危險
endangerment n. 危害
endangered animal species 瀕危動物物種
endangered breed 瀕危品種
endangered species 瀕臨絕種的動植物
endangered wildlife 瀕危野生動物
The government passed new laws to protect the endangered animals from hunters. 政府通過了新法令的保護(hù)瀕危物種免于獵殺,。

applied research 應(yīng)用研究

It includes biology, behavioural studies, as well as applied research such as biomedical research, xenotransplantation , drug testing and toxicology tests and cosmetics testing.

動物試驗包括生物學(xué),、行為學(xué)研究的純科學(xué) ，也包括像生物醫(yī)藥研究 ,、異種器官移植 ,、藥品試驗、毒物學(xué)及化妝品試驗等的應(yīng)用科學(xué),。

vaccine n. 疫苗

Testing on animals has helped develop vaccines for many life threatening diseases.

動物試驗有助于研發(fā)對生命產(chǎn)生威脅的疫苗,。

breeding vt.&n. 繁殖
breeding ground 滋生地，繁殖地
captive breeding 人工繁殖
Animals are also used for education, breeding,，and defense research .
動物也可以用在教學(xué)中,、動物繁殖及防御（疾病）研究中,。

model vt.模擬,，塑造，模仿

National Academy of Sciences argue that even sophisticated computers are unable to model interactions be? tween molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organisms, and the environment, making animal research necessary in many areas.

國家科學(xué)院認(rèn)為即使使用精密的計算機(jī) 也無法模擬出分子 ,、細(xì)胞 ,、組織 ,、器官、有機(jī)體及環(huán)境間的相互作用,，動物試驗在很多領(lǐng)域都是有必要的,。

vivisection n. 活體解剖
vivisectionist n. 活體解剖者
antivivisectionist n. 反對活體解剖者
Animal physiology could be affected by pain during vivisection , rendering results unreliable.
在動物實驗過程中，動物承受著巨大的痛苦,，使其生理機(jī)能受到嚴(yán)重的影響,，致使實驗結(jié)果不可信。

frown on/upon 反對,，不贊成
be oppose to 反對 disapprove of 反對 ,，不贊成

Although animal experimentation sounds appealing to some extent, I still strongly frown on this proposal.

盡管動物實驗聽起來具有一定的吸引力，但是我仍然強(qiáng)烈反對,。

on the brink of extinction 將要,，瀕于，將陷于（如佳,，死亡或其他）
on the brim of extinction 瀕于滅絕

Conservation efforts have already brought many animals back on the brink of extinction, but still, our work is far from done.

保護(hù)工作已經(jīng)挽救了很多即將滅絕的物種,，但我們還有很多工作需要做。

encroachment n. 侵入 ,，侵犯
encroach vi. 侵占 ,，蠶食；vt. 侵犯
encroaching a. 漸漸滲入的
Encroachment near the sea destroyed their breeding sites.
（海邊上建起的賓館和度假村）侵占了它們的繁殖地,。

wildlife conservation 野生生物保護(hù)

It is good that there is more awareness about wildlife conservation these days and people have now realized that it is important to maintain the planet’s biodiversity.

目前人們已經(jīng)提高了野生動物保護(hù)的意識,，并且認(rèn)識到維護(hù)地球的生物多樣性是重要的。

die out 滅絕,；消失

It is reported that there are about 5,000 endangered animals and at least one species dies out every year.

據(jù)報道世界大約有5000種的瀕危動物,，每年至少有一種動物滅絕。

mutilation n. 毀損,，殘缺,；切斷
mutilate vt. 切斷，毀壞

It is totally unconscionable to subject defenseless animals to mutilation and death.

使毫無抵抗能力的動物遭受殘缺斷肢之痛甚至是死亡,，這種做法真是喪盡天良,。

compassion n. 同情，憐憫
compassionate a. 富于同情心的,，慈悲的,；vt.同情

Compassion for animals is intimately connected with goodness of character and it may be confidently asserted that he who is cruel to animals cannot be a good man.

對動物是否懷有悲憫之情是與人善良與否密切相關(guān)的，也可以確切地說對動物殘忍的人不可能是好人,。

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