托福寫作--綜合寫作提升秘訣之摘要

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-01-24 23:25:00 關(guān)注量：5463次

相信絕大多數(shù)備考托福的同學(xué)們對(duì)于綜合寫作的基本答題要求和規(guī)范都已經(jīng)了解了,，但是,，大家是否足夠了解摘要寫作對(duì)于綜合寫作的重要性呢？今天,，我們就抓取這一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)來(lái)幫助大家提升綜合能力,。

這個(gè)能力之所以會(huì)出現(xiàn)在托福中考察，是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)能力與留學(xué)生未來(lái)的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)有密切聯(lián)系：大學(xué)課堂是否能聽懂并做到對(duì)課堂內(nèi)容熟練的總結(jié)歸納,；讀完教授布置的閱讀材料后能夠在課堂上以presentation說(shuō)出大意,；乃至最后的學(xué)術(shù)論文寫作，都會(huì)用到這個(gè)基本能力,。

那么言歸正傳,，托福綜合寫作中對(duì)于閱讀和聽力材料的歸納匯總，包含如下幾個(gè)基本要素：
1）內(nèi)容出處：Listening還是Reading（聽力中的教授the professor還是閱讀的寫作者the author）
2）動(dòng)詞：argue, suggest, point out, indicate, etc.（若內(nèi)容出處中使用了according to等結(jié)構(gòu),，那么轉(zhuǎn)述動(dòng)詞就不必出現(xiàn)了）
3）具體內(nèi)容：聽力/閱讀中的具體觀點(diǎn)paraphrase/summary.

同時(shí),，我們會(huì)在縮寫過(guò)程中中使用到一些語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)：如名詞性從句
1）賓語(yǔ)從句：The lecturer claims that it is possible to maintain human survival on Venus.
2）主語(yǔ)從句：What the professor challenges is the authenticity of the painting.
3）表語(yǔ)從句：The main argument provided by the lecturer is that this solution is practical.

好了，說(shuō)了這寫技巧,，同學(xué)們是否已經(jīng)掌握了基本的摘要寫法了呢,？讓我們看一個(gè)TPO42的例子。

原文：Glass is a favored building material for modern architecture, yet it is also very dangerous for wild birds. Because they often cannot distinguish between glass and open air, millions of birds are harmed every year when they try to fly through glass windows There are, however, several solutions that responsible businesses can use to prevent injuries to birds.
歸納匯總：The reading provides several solutions to help wild birds identify glass from the open air.

原文：One-Way Glass
One solution is to replace the regular, clear glass with one-way glass that is transparent in only one direction. The occupants of the building can see out, but birds and others cannot see in. If birds cannot see through a window, they will understand that the glass forms a solid barrier and will not try to fly through it.
歸納匯總：According to the reading, one-way glass, which is only transparent from the inside, can make birds interpret the building as a concrete barrier.

原文：Colorful Designs
A second solution is to paint colorful lines or other designs on regular window glass. For example, a window could have a design of thin stripes painted over the glass. People would still be able to see through the openings in the design where there is no paint, while birds would see the stripes and thus avoid trying to fly through the glass Architects can be encouraged to include colorful painted patterns on glass as part of the general design of buildings.
歸納匯總：It is suggested in the reading that people could add colorful patterns such as stripes over the regular glass to signify warnings.

原文：Magnetic Field
The third solution is to create an artificial magnetic held to guide birds away from buildings. Humans use an instrument called a magnetic compass to determine directions-either north, south, east, or west. Bird research has shown that birds have a natural ability to sense Earth’s magnetic fields; this ability works just like a compass, and it helps birds navigate in the right direction when they fly. A building in a bird flight path can be equipped with powerful electromagnets that emit magnetic signals that steer birds in a direction away from the building.
歸納匯總：Another solution mentioned in the reading is to form an artificial magnetic field, which can navigate birds in the correct direction away from the building.

相信通過(guò)上述講解,，同學(xué)們已經(jīng)能夠完全掌握summary的寫法了,。但是寫作的提升還要依賴充足的練習(xí)，希望大家可以在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中熟練運(yùn)用摘要的寫法,，取得綜合寫作的好成績(jī),！通途國(guó)際英語(yǔ)，沈陽(yáng)托福培訓(xùn)專業(yè)學(xué)校，Lorraine老師的這篇文章,，希望對(duì)大家的備考有所幫助,。